To make full utilization of raw material and achieve high concentration of sugars in the hydrolysate of biomass, microcrystalline cellulose and Jatropha hulls were pretreated by IL1-butyl-3-methylimidazoliuma chloride ([BMIM]Cl) before their subsequent dilute sulfuric acid hydrolysis. （更多…）
The conversion of green, cheap and renewable biomass materials into biofuels through thermochemical and biochemical methods is one of the key route to provide sustainable energy in future. The introduction of ultrasonic energy in biomass conversion could destroy the recalcitrance structure of lignocellulosic biomass at room temperature, facilitate the separation of complicated composition in raw materials, turn heterogeneous reactions into homogeneous or at least quasi- homogeneous reactions, and therefore essentially remove barriers that limited the efficiency and selectivity in biomass conversion. （更多…）
Climate change together with the increased concern for the energy security has imparted a trend shifting on the use of fossil fuels to renewable energy sources. Worldwide attention has been focused on the transforming of agricultural waste into high value-added products. Malaysia, one of the global leading palm oil producers, seeking a next catalyst for sustaining economic growth since the palm oil production has reached a mature stage. Palm kernel cake (PKC), one of the main by-products from palm oil industry, is rich in protein (14.5 – 19.6%) and mannan (35.2%). （更多…）
Biodiesel, as an environmental-friendly renewable energy, receives continuous attention and is extensively studied. How to improve the efficiency of biodiesel production is a hot research topic. As the biodiesel industry grows rapidly, the discharge of main by-product glycerol increases substantially. Therefore, utilizing by-product glycerol to produce high value-added products has become the new focus of attention. （更多…）
Hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose is a crucial step for effective use of lignocellulosic biomass because glucose can be efficiently refined to various biofuels, chemicals, foods and medicines. Therefore, many studies have been done to hydrolyze cellulose to glucose with enzymes, dilute acids and sub- or super-critical water; however, these methods have many disadvantages such as the high cost of enzymes, difficulty in separation of catalysts, corrosion of reactors, undesirable waste effluents and severe reaction conditions. （更多…）