Biomass Group, Nanjing Agricultural University, PO Box 68, 40 Dianjiangtai Road, Nanjing 210031

A new Springer book “Production of Biofuels and Chemicals from Lignin” was published

Recently, Springer has published a book entitled “Production of Biofuels and Chemicals from Lignin” edited by Profs. Zhen Fang and Richard L. Smith Jr., Springer, Hardcover •ISBN 978-981-10-1964-7, 435 pages, 2016. (http://www.springer.com/cn/book/9789811019647).

Lignin is the largest source of renewable aromatics in the world and is produced as a byproduct in huge quantities by the pulp and paper industry in the form of black liquor (ca. 50 million ton/a), but is also expected to be a major byproduct in emerging industries related to biofuels and bioproducts (ca. 2.7-8.1 million ton/a). The present text provides state-of-the-art reviews, current research and prospects on lignin production, lignin biological, thermal and chemical conversion methods and lignin technoeconomics. Fundamental topics related to lignin chemistry, properties, analysis, characterization, depolymerization mechanisms, enzymatic, fungal and bacterial degradation methods are covered. Practical topics related to technologies for lignin and ultra-pure lignin recovery, activated carbon, carbon fiber production and materials are covered. Biological conversion of lignin with fungi, bacteria or enzymes to produce chemicals is considered along with chemical, catalytic, thermochemical and solvolysis conversion methods. A case study is presented for practical polyurethane foam production from lignin.

This book contains 13 chapters contributed by leading experts in the field. The text is arranged into four key areas:

Part I: Lignin and Its Production (Chapters 1-3)

Part II: Biological Conversion (Chapters 4-6)

Part III: Chemical Conversion (Chapters 7-12)

Part IV: Techno-economics (Chapter 13)

Lignin has a bright future and will be an essential feedstock for producing renewable chemicals, biofuels and value-added products. Offering comprehensive information on this promising material, the book represents a valuable resource for students, researchers, academicians and industrialists in the field of biochemistry and energy.

This book is the sixth book of the Springer series entitled, “Biofuels and Biorefineries” (Prof. Zhen Fang is serving as editor-in-Chief), and the thirteenth English book published by Prof. Zhen Fang since 2009.

Biofuels and Biorefineries：

http://www.springer.com/series/11687?detailsPage=titles

斯普林格新书《木质素生产生物燃料和化学品》出版

由方真教授和日本东北大学Richard L. Smith Jr.教授主编的新书《Production of Biofuels and Chemicals from Lignin》，最近由斯普林格公司出版发行。（精装，435页， ISBN 978-981-10-1964-7, 435 pages, 2016。）(http://www.springer.com/cn/book/9789811019647)。

木质素是世界上可再生芳烃的最大来源，并且作为副产物在纸浆和造纸工业中以黑液（约5千万吨/年）的形式大量生产，但也预期其将作为与生物燃料和生物制品相关的新兴产业的主要副产品（约为270-810万吨/年）。本书回顾了关于木质素生产，生物、热和化学转化木质素方法和木质素技术经济学的最新研究和前景。涵盖了与木质素化学、性质、分析、表征、解聚机理、酶、真菌和细菌降解方法有关的基本问题。涉及木质素和超纯木质素回收技术、活性炭、碳纤维生产和材料的实用技术。与化学、催化、热化学和溶剂分解转化方法一起，介绍了用真菌，细菌或酶生物转化木质素生产化学品。同时，给出了一个从木质素实际生产聚氨酯泡沫的案例研究。

本书包含13章，由来自世界各地该领域的顶尖专家撰写，每章均被同行评审和编辑以提高文本的质量、研究范围和覆盖的主题。该书包括四个关键领域：第一部分：木质素及其生产（第1-3章），第二部分：生物转化（第4-6章），第三部分：化学转化（第7-12章）和第四部分：技术经济学（第13章）。

木质素具有光明的未来，将是生产可再生化学品，生物燃料和附加值产品的必要原料。该书为这一有希望的领域提供了全面的信息，为生物化学和能源领域的学生，研究人员，学者和实业家提供了宝贵的学术资源。

该书是斯普林格系列丛书“生物燃料和生物炼制- Biofuels and Biorefineries”（方真教授担任该丛书总编辑）出版的第六本专著，也是方真教授自2009年以来，编著出版的第十三部英语专著

生物燃料和生物炼制丛书：

http://www.springer.com/series/11687?detailsPage=titles

Coproduction of Furfural and Easily Hydrolyzable Residue from Sugar Cane Bagasse

In order to develop a process for the simultaneous production of furfural and easily hydrolyzable cellulose, the degradation of sugar cane bagasse in a single aqueous system and in a 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (MTHF)/aqueous AlCl₃ biphasic system was studied.

Biomass group successfully produced furfural and easily hydrolyzable residue from sugar cane bagasse. In single aqueous system, the influence of acid species (FeCl₃, HCl, and AlCl₃) on furfural production and cellulose degradation was investigated at 150 °C. FeCl₃ and HCl promoted furfural production from hemicellulose but with severe cellulose degradation. AlCl₃ decreased cellulose degradation with considerable furfural yield and high glucan content in solid residues. The role of NaCl in furfural production and cellulose decomposition was also investigated in the single aqueous system using different acids as catalysts. Addition of NaCl significantly promoted furfural yield but also accelerated cellulose decomposition when FeCl₃ or HCl was used as catalyst. In the AlCl₃-catalyzed system, NaCl had less influence on residue yield and its composition, although NaCl also promoted furfural production. The influence of MTHF on furfural yield, residue composition, and enzymatic hydrolysis of residue was also studied. Under the best conditions (0.45 g of bagasse, 9 mL of MTHF, 9 mL of water, 0.1 M AlCl₃, 150 °C, 45 min, and 10 wt % NaCl), 58.6% furfural was obtained while more than 90% of cellulose remained in the residue. The organic phase was separated from the aqueous phase directly by decantation. After reuse of organic phase for 3 cycles, 11.5 g/L furfural was obtained. The catalyst-containing aqueous phase could be reused directly after decantation of the organic phase without loss of activity. The obtained residue was easy to hydrolyze and produced 89.3% glucose yield after 96-h enzymatic hydrolysis at low cellulase loading (30 FPU of cellulase/g-glucan).

The study was published:

XK Li, Zhen Fang*, et al., Coproduction of Furfural and Easily Hydrolyzable Residue from Sugar Cane Bagasse in the MTHF/Aqueous Biphasic System: Influence of Acid Species, NaCl Addition, and MTHF, ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 4, 5804−5813 (2016).

Furfural (58.6% yield) and cellulose-enriched residue (>90% glucan recovered) are coproduced with 89.3% glucose yield in a MTHF/aqueous AlCl₃ system.

从甘蔗渣中生产糠醛和易水解残渣

为了开发生产糠醛和容易水解纤维素的生产工艺，对甘蔗渣在单一水相体系和 2-甲基四氢呋喃 (MTHF)/ AlCl₃水溶液双相体系进行了研究。生物能源组成功地从甘蔗渣中生产糠醛和易水解残渣。

在单一水相体系和 150 °C条件下，对酸的种类（FeCl₃、 HCl 和 AlCl₃）生产糠醛和纤维素降解的影响进行了研究。FeCl₃和HCl 促进半纤维素生产糠醛，而严重地引起纤维素的降解。AlCl₃可减少降解植物纤维素，并产生相当数量的糠醛产量和高含量的葡聚糖的固体残留物。使用不同的酸作为催化剂，在单一水相体系中考察了 NaCl 在糠醛生产和纤维素分解中的作用。当用FeCl₃ 或盐酸作为催化剂时，添加NaCl 有力地促进糠醛产量，但也加速了纤维素分解。在 AlCl₃ 催化体系中，NaCl对残留物产量和其组成影响较小，尽管NaCl 也促进了糠醛生产。MTHF对糠醛产量、 残留物的组成及其酶水解进行了研究。在最佳条件下(0.45 g蔗渣，9 毫升 MTHF，9 毫升的水、 0.1 M AlCl₃、 150 °C、 45 分钟和 10 wt % NaCl)，可获得58.6%的糠醛和超过 90%的纤维素留存在残渣中。有机相可从水相直接分层而得到并循环利用。有机相循环3次后，可得到 11.5 g/L 糠醛。有机相分离后，包含催化剂的水相没有失去活性，可以直接重复使用。

所得的残渣很容易水解， 96 h酶水解后，葡萄糖产率为 89.3% (30 FPU纤维素酶/g-葡聚糖)。

该研究发表于︰

XK Li, Zhen Fang*, et al., Coproduction of Furfural and Easily Hydrolyzable Residue from Sugar Cane Bagasse in the MTHF/Aqueous Biphasic System: Influence of Acid Species, NaCl Addition, and MTHF, ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 4, 5804−5813 (2016).